It is more workable to make smooth transitions for the robots. It was a painful trial and error process.
This does not really explain anything. Smooth transitions from what to what? Why do the square any multiply by 4? What's the logic behind it?
Let's go back to our calculations.
Now we need a unit value of the amount of chloroplasts a robot has. Let us call that Cu.
Cu = c / 16K
What is c? Why do you need to divide it by 16000?
Now we have to calculate what is the rate of adding chloroplasts, lets call that Ra.
Ra = (L * Cu) ^ 0.8 * T * 1.25
I assume you don't mean "the rate of adding chloroplasts", but mean "amount of energy a bot gets from chloroplasts". But the logic behind multiplying L by Cu completely escapes me. And even more confusing is the "^0.8" part. Why do that? What's the point?
Wow, this is really confusing and does not sound terribly logical. In your email to me you said this was based on my original design, but I would have never designed anything like it

Here's what I would have done:
"c" is amount of chloroplasts a bot has
"T" is what you put in settings "per veggie" (in reality it's "per chloroplast)
Then the amount of energy that a bot gets each cycle (E) is:
E=c*T*a
(where a is just a scaling constant to make sure the final number is of the right order of magnitude)
If you want to implement the rule so that the more bots a sim has the less energy they receive (I don't see why you would want that since there are other ways in the program to control total energy flow, but whatever), then the equation becomes:
E=c*T*a*Ls (where Ls is what you calculate as Ls = R / (A * 0.85))