exp means e^ In this case C * exp(-k * t) is the equation for a decay curve. as t -> infinity, exp(-k * t) will approach 1.
Redundancy to me means
this (#4 in this context). So I don't think it's the right word for what you mean.
I assume you mean something like this: suppose some datum is true at time t = 0. If I know this at time t = 1, that is another datum, etc. etc. Something like that, right? I believe this is a form of
recursion, another fun word that starts with r.
This gets in to some fuzzies... Because of the uncertainty principle, for instance,
time and energy have an uncertainty relation. Meaning that as you get more precise in your definition of a moment of time, you become less precise in your ability to measure energy or mass. I'm not sure exactly what the implications of that are, but I'm sure there's something important there.
Second, if the universe is recursive like that, it would mean that you could possibly compute it just by knowing the start conditions for the universe. Meaning that it is possible to know any one datum, just not all datums at once (unless you're not actually in the universe you're trying to understand).
And third, from a strictly practical point of view, the interesting information is a fraction of the available information. While it
might not be possible to know
everything, I still contend that it's possible to know everything you or anyone else has a desire to know. The charge of cobalt atom #352234-A in my body is of absolutely no concern to me.